Introduction to Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), accounting for about 30% of all cases. This aggressive cancer originates in the B cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. DLBCL can develop in lymph nodes or other organs and spreads rapidly if left untreated.

Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma is crucial for early detection and effective management.

Symptoms of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

The symptoms of DLBCL can vary depending on where the cancer is located. Some common signs include:

1. Swollen Lymph Nodes – Painless swelling in the neck, armpits, or groin.
2. B Symptoms – Fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss (more than 10% of body weight in six months).
3. Fatigue – Persistent tiredness due to the body’s immune response.
4. Abdominal Pain or Swelling – If the lymphoma affects the abdomen or digestive tract.
5. Shortness of Breath – If the tumor presses against the lungs or airways.
6. Neurological Symptoms – Confusion, weakness, or seizures if the central nervous system is involved.

Because these symptoms can mimic other conditions, proper medical evaluation is essential.

Causes and Risk Factors of DLBCL

The exact cause of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified:

• Age – Most common in people over 60, though it can occur at any age.
• Weakened Immune System – Individuals with HIV/AIDS, autoimmune diseases, or those taking immunosuppressive drugs are at higher risk.
• Infections – Certain viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and hepatitis C, have been linked to lymphoma development.
• Genetic Mutations – Abnormalities in genes like MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 can contribute to aggressive lymphoma growth.